How is energy transferred during convection?

The convection is a process by which heat energy can be transferred from one place to another through a medium. This process takes place in the liquid and air medium.

This process occurs in the atmosphere and in the mantle portion of the earth.

In the atmospheric region, the land area gets heated up due to the absorption of incoming solar radiation, as a result of which the air near the ground surface is heated up and becomes warm and less dense. This warm air then rises up into the upper portion carrying the heat energy from the lower region to the upper region. As the air rises upward, it cools down because of the lowering temperature and eventually falls back to the lower portion. This results in the formation of convection cells.

Similarly, in the layer of the mantle, convection currents are formed that carry the heat energy from the core of the earth towards the surface.

This is how energy is transferred by the process of conduction.