If electrons in an atom have the lowest possible energies, the atom in the ground state inert state normal state excited state

The answer is; ground state

At this state, the atom is at its lowest energy state and vibrates less. However, any input of energy in the atom raises its energy state to an excited state. The atoms vibrations and movements increase with an increased input of energy. Atoms release electromagnetic radiation when they move from an excited energy state to ground state and absorb electromagnetic radiation when they move from low to high energy state.

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a 20-cm-long, cylindrical graphite (pure carbon) rod is inserted into an oxidizing atmosphere at 1145 k and 1.013 x 105 pa pressure. the oxidizing process is limited by the diffu- sion of oxygen counterflow to the carbon monoxide that is formed on the cylindrical surface.