Forces are attractive forces between molecules, whereas forces are attractive forces within a molecule. a) polar, non-polar b) non-polar, polar c) intermolecular, intramolecular d) intramolecular, intermolecular

In the following redox reaction which is the oxidizing agent and which is the reducing agent? alcl3 + na nacl + al oxidizing agent = reducing agent =

)benzene and toluene form nearly ideal solutions. consider an equimolar solution of benzene and toluene. at 20 °c the vapour pressures of pure benzene and toluene are 9.9 kpa and 2.9 kpa, respectively. the solution is boiled by reducing the external pressure below the vapour pressure. calculate (i) the pressure when boiling begins, (ii) the composition of each component in the vapour, and (iii) the vapour pressure when only a few drops of liquid remain. assume that the rate of vaporization is low enough for the temperature to remain constant at 20 °c.

Water undergoes a large change in density at 0 ∘ c as it freezes to form ice. calculate the percent change in density that occurs when liquid water freezes to ice at 0 ∘ c given that