In standardizing the solution of aqueous sodium hydroxide, a chemist overshoots the end point and adds too much naoh(aq). would this error result in a calculated concentration of naoh that was overestimated or underestimated? explain your reasoning.

Concentration of NaOH calculated will be underestimated.

Explanation:

End point is an observational point , which tells us about the completion of reaction between the titrant (solution in burette) and titre(solution in conical flask) in titration experiment.

In this case , NaOH is titrant whose concentration is unknown.

,

,

....(1)

According to question a chemist overshoots the end point and adds to much of NaOH solution, which means increase in the value of .

Then the value of in equation (1), will get lowered , which means that the concentration of NaOH was lower than that of the actual value. Hence underestimated concentration of NaOH.

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explanation:

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1 a

2 d

3 a

4 c

explanation: