Chemistry, 09.07.2019 21:00, genyjoannerubiera

Part a cyclohexane has a freezing point of 6.50 ∘c and a kf of 20.0 ∘c/m. what is the freezing point of a solution made by dissolving 0.925 g of biphenyl (c12h10) in 25.0 g of cyclohexane?

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The freezing point of the solution is heat loss during the given process is $\boxed{{\text{1}}{\text{.78}}^\circ{\text{C}}}$

Further explanation:

Freezing point:

It is defined as the temperature where both the solid and liquid phases are in equilibrium with each other. Here the vapor pressure of the substance in the liquid state becomes equal to the vapor pressure in a solid state.

The formula to calculate the change in freezing point is,

${\Delta }}{{\text{T}}_{\text{f}}}={{\text{k}}_{\text{f}}}{\text{m}}$ ...... (1)

Here,

${\Delta }}{{\text{T}}_{\text{f}}}$ is the change in freezing point.

${{\text{k}}_{\text{f}}}$ is the freezing point depression constant.

m is the molality of the solution.

Molality is one of the concentration terms that is equal to the amount of solute divided by the mass of the solvent. It is represented by m and its unit is mol/kg.

The formula to calculate the molarity of the solution is,

${\text{Molality of the solution}}=\frac{{{\text{amount}}\;\left({{\text{mol}}}\right)\;{\text{of}}\;{\text{biphenyl}}}}{{\;{\text{mass}}\;\left({{\text{kg}}}\right)\;{\text{of}}\;{\text{cyclohexane}}}}$ ……. (2)

The formula to calculate the moles of biphenyl is,

${\text{Moles of biphenyl}}=\frac{{{\text{Given mass of biphenyl}}}}{{{\text{Molar mass of biphenyl}}}}$ …… (3)

The given mass of biphenyl is 0.925 g.

The molar mass of biphenyl is 154.21 g/mol.

Substitute these values in equation (3).

$\begin{gathered}{\text{Moles of biphenyl}}=\left({{\text{0}}{\text{.925 g}}}\right)\left({\frac{{{\text{1 mol}}}}{{{\text{154}}{\text{.21 g}}}}}\right)\\={\text{0}}{\text{.0059 mol}}\\\end{gathered}$

The moles of biphenyl is 0.0059 mol.

The mass of cyclohexane is 25 g.

Substitute these values in equation (2).

$\begin{gathered}{\text{Molality}}=\frac{{\left({{\text{0}}{\text{.0059 mol}}}\right)}}{{\left({{\text{25 g}}}\right)}}\left({\frac{{{\text{1 g}}}}{{{\text{1}}{{\text{0}}^{{\text{-3}}}}\;{\text{kg}}}}}\right)\\=0.236\;{\text{m}}\\\end{gathered}$

The molarity is 0.236 m.

The value of ${{\text{k}}_{\text{f}}}$ is $20\;^\circ{\text{C/m}}$ .

Substitute these values in equation (1).

$\begin{gathered}\Delta{{\text{T}}_{\text{f}}}=\left({\frac{{{\text{20}}\;{\text{^\circC}}}}{{{\text{1 m}}}}}\right)\left({{\text{0}}{\text{.0236 m}}}\right)\\=4.72\;{^\circ C}}\\\end{gathered}$

The formula to determine the change in freezing point is as follows:

${\Delta }}{{\text{T}}_{\text{f}}}={{\text{T}}_{\text{f}}}_{\left({{\text{solvent}}}\right)}-{{\text{T}}_{\text{f}}}_{\left({{\text{solution}}}\right)}$ ...... (4)

Here,

${{\text{T}}_{\text{f}}}_{\left({{\text{solvent}}}\right)}$ is the temperature of the solvent.

${{\text{T}}_{\text{f}}}_{\left({{\text{solution}}}\right)}$ is the temperature of the solution.

Rearrange equation (4) to calculate the temperature of the solution.

${{\text{T}}_{\text{f}}}_{\left({{\text{solution}}}\right)}={{\text{T}}_{\text{f}}}_{\left({{\text{solvent}}}\right)}-{\Delta}}{{\text{T}}_{\text{f}}}$ ……. (5)

Substitute $6.50\;^\circ{\text{C}}$ for ${{\text{T}}_{\text{f}}}_{\left({{\text{solvent}}}\right)}$ and $4.72\;^\circ{\text{C}}$ for ${\Delta }}{{\text{T}}_{\text{f}}}$ in equation (5).

$\begin{gathered}{{\text{T}}_{\text{f}}}_{\left({{\text{solution}}}\right)}=6.50\;^\circ{\text{C}}-4.72\;^\circ{\text{C}}\\=1.78\;^\circ{\text{C}}\\\end{gathered}$

Learn more:

1. What is the equilibrium constant of pure water at ? link

2. Calculate the wavelength of the electron: link

Answer details:

Grade: Senior School

Subject: Chemistry

Chapter: Colligative properties

Keywords: freezing point, temperature of solution, temperature of solvent, 1.78, molarity, biphenyl, cyclohexane, 0.236 m, m, mol/kg, solid, liquid.

answered: Guest

"among the transition metal elements, manganese and zinc have a slight lowering of electronegativities. the reason behind this is that the nuclear charges of these elements are slightly weaker than the other transition metal elements due to the way their valence electrons are filled up. both manganese and zinc have their valence electrons filled up to the 4th shell with 1 pair of electrons (4s2) completely occupying it. although the electrons in the 3rd shell (3d) are yet to be paired since the outer most shell is filled up, the ability of the nucleus to attract electrons is lessened. hence, the electronegativity (or the ability to attract electrons) is lessened."

answered: Guest

c (diamond),

sio2 (quartz)