Referring to the ground state orbital diagram of fe and fe3+, explain why iron is considered a ferromagnetic element.

Iron having Z=26 with electronic configuration as has 6 electrons in the 3d shell wherein 5 electrons are aligned parallely and 1 electron  as antiparallel.

having electronic configuration as has 5 electrons, all aligned in the same direction.

Iron, when kept in external magnetic field, the magnetic domains of the atom get aligned in one direction that means it becomes parallel and they remain parallel even after removing the magnetic field therefore, it is considered as ferromagnetic.

chemical changes occur when a substance combines with another to form a new substance, called chemical synthesis or, alternatively, chemical decomposition into two or more different substances. these processes are called chemical reactions and, in general, are not reversible except by further chemical reactions. some reactions produce heat and are called exothermic reactions and others may require heat to enable the reaction to occur, which are called endothermic reactions. understanding chemical changes is a major part of the science of chemistry.