Which of the following statements is true.
a. all spontaneous processes are exothermic.
b. all non spontaneous processes are endothermic
c. all spontaneous processes release free energy.
d. entropy always increase in a spontaneous process.

The correct answer is Option C.

Explanation:

Spontaneous reactions are defined as the reactions in which Gibbs free energy change is always negative and when Gibbs free energy change is positive, the reactions are known as non-spontaneous reactions.

Exothermic reactions are the reaction in which enthalpy change is negative and when the enthalpy change is positive, they are known as endothermic reactions.

Spontaneous reactions can be exothermic as well as endothermic.

It is not always that when entropy increases, reaction will be spontaneous. There are cases when the entropy is getting decreased but the reaction is still spontaneous.

Hence, the correct answer is Option C.

the electronic configuration of an atom with eight electrons is 1s²2s²2p⁴. the orbital diagrams are shown in the figure.

as per the hunds rule:

1. electrons tend to avoid being in the same orbital as per as practicable.

2. electrons in different orbitals of the same energy will have their spin parallel.

this can be illustrated from the multiplicity of the orbitals of the atom. as there are four electrons in the p orbital and p orbital has 3 sub-shells. the electrons can be fed in different ways as shown in the figure but the correct orbital diagram will be as per the hunds rule.

pie chart because it is in percents ( % )