Which answer choice lists the number and type of elements in a compound in the way that is close to their actual arrangement? chemical formula structural formula space-filling model ball-and-stick model

Option (b) is the correct answer.

Explanation:

A structural formula is defined as the formula that shows symbols of atoms present in the formula along with the bonds present between them.

For example, structural formula of ethene is .

This structural formula shows that there exists a double bond between the two carbon atoms which the hydrogen atoms are attached to each carbon atom via single bond.

Whereas a chemical formula only represents the number of atoms present in a compound. But it does not tell about the arrangement of atoms.

For example, chemical formula of sulfuric acid is and this does not show how atoms are exactly arranged.

On the other hand, both space-filling model and ball-and-stick model tells us about how exactly atoms are arranged to each other. This is because both these models provide actual arrangement in a 3-dimensional structure of a compound or molecule.

Hence, with the help of space-filling model  and ball-and-stick model it becomes easier to visualize the structure of a compound.

Thus, we can conclude that out of the given options structural formula provides the number and type of elements in a compound in the way that is close to their actual arrangement.

explanation:

metals have excess of electrons whereas non-metals have deficiency of electrons. thus, in order to gain stability metals easily donate their electrons to the non-metals.

for example, electronic configuration of sodium is and electronic configuration of phosphorous is .

when a phosphorous atom and sodium atom combine together then sodium will donate is extra one electron to the phosphorous atom. as a result there will be formation of ionic bond between sodium and phosphorous.

the reaction will be as follows.

there, are three sodium sodium atoms and each of them will donate its one extra electron to phosphorous atom. thus, the sub-shell of phosphorous gets completely filled.  

thus, we can conclude that electrons are transferred from atoms of sodium to atoms of phosphorous. this transfer makes the sodium atoms donate one electron and the phosphorous atoms to gain one electron. as a result, the sodium and phosphorus atoms strongly attract each other.

the density(ratio between mass and volume as m/v) decreases from top to bottom in periodic table group as the size increases and nuclear charge decreases. but in periods density increases from left to right as atom size decreases and nuclear charge increases.