What is the ratio of concentrations of the two conformations at 25 °c? (calculate the ratio as the conformation present in a higher concentration over the lower

Solution:

Boltzmann Relation:  the Boltzmann relation describes the number density of an isothermal charged particle fluid when the thermal and the Electrostatic forces acting on the fluid have reached equilibrium.

N1/No = exp (-Ea/RT) N1 is the number in the excited state and No is number in the ground state; Ea is the energy separating the two in J (9.2×1000), T in K =298.2 K: R= 8.3145 J/mol K  

N1/No = exp(-(9200)/(298.2×8.3145) = exp -3.71 = 0.024

he uptake of drugs from the intestine is often strongly influenced by diffusion. for example, consider a water-insoluble steroid for treating inflammation that is solubilized in aggregates of detergent molecules, called micelles. these micelles, aggregates of 80 soap molecules, have a molecular weight of 24,000, a diameter of 2.6 nm, and a charge of -27. the positively charge ions (counterions) in this system are na".