Which intermolecular force is the strongest? a. dipole-dipole b. dipole–induced dipole c. hydrogen bond d. london dispersion

Let us understand the types of given intermolecular forces

a) dipole-dipole : this is present between two polar molecules having permanent dipole

eXample : dipole dipole interaction between HCl-HCl molecule

b) dipole induced dipole : here a polar molecule having a dipole induces dipole in another non polar molecule due to attraction /repulsion for electrons and attraction / repulsion for nucleus.

c) hydrogen bond : the interaction between a hydrogen atom bonded with a highly electr-onegative element (F,O or N) and another highly electro-negative element (F,O or N)

Example Water-water

d) london dispersion : these are weekest of all the intermcolecular forces and are between the electrons of one molecule / atom and nucleus of another molecules.

The strongest intermolecular forces is  hydrogen bond

since the atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus, as we move to the left on the periodic table, the electrostatic pull between the nucleus and the valence electron shell decreases. as we move down a group (vertical column), the valence shell energy level gets further and further from the nucleus.