Holding all else constant while government is borrowing to cover budget deficits, the crowding out concept suggests interest rates borrowing and spending by business and households.

If the government has a budget deficit, crowding out might occur. Crowding out leads to all of the following; a higher real interest rate, a smaller capital stock in the future and a decreased quantity of investment.  Borrowing from the rest of the world  Government budget surpluses, private saving.

a. primarily outdoors, responding to emergencies and protecting people.

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