Managers will utilize skills with increasing frequency as they rise within an organization.

In the supply-and-demand schedule shown above, at the lowest price of $50, producers supply music players and consumers demand music players.

Last week paul, ceo of quality furniture in south carolina, traveled to europe to visit customers. while overseas, paul checked his e-mail daily and showed his company's website to customers, explaining how the website will them place orders and receive merchandise more quickly. after visiting the last customer friday morning, paul was able to return to the corporate office in south carolina to meet with his board of directors that night. is the "shrinking" of time and space with air travel and electronic media.

Kumar consulting operates several stock investment portfolios that are used by firms for investment of pension plan assets. last year, one portfolio had a realized return of 12.6 percent and a beta coefficient of 1.15. the average t-bond rate was 7 percent and the realized rate of return on the s& p 500 was 12 percent. what was the portfolio's alpha?