In an exchange of assets, Junger Co. received equipment with a fair value equal to the carrying amount of the equipment given up. Junger also contributed cash equal to 10% of the fair value of the exchange. If the exchange is not considered to have commercial substance, Junger should recognize: a. A loss equal to the cash (boot) given up.
b. A loss determined by the proportion of cash paid to the total transaction value.
c. A gain determined by the proportion of cash paid to the total transaction value.
d. Neither gain nor loss.

Guardian inc. is trying to develop an asset-financing plan. the firm has $450,000 in temporary current assets and $350,000 in permanent current assets. guardian also has $550,000 in fixed assets. assume a tax rate of 40 percent. a. construct two alternative financing plans for guardian. one of the plans should be conservative, with 70 percent of assets financed by long-term sources, and the other should be aggressive, with only 56.25 percent of assets financed by long-term sources. the current interest rate is 12 percent on long-term funds and 7 percent on short-term financing. compute the annual interest payments under each plan.

The prebisch–singer hypothesis concludes that: a. technology lowers the cost of manufactured products, so developing countries should see an increase in their terms of trade. b. developing countries experience a long-run decline in their terms of trade, as the demand for primary products in higher-income countries declines relative to their demand for manufactured goods. c. because of unfair trading practices, labor in developing countries is exploited. d. opec has been responsible for a slowdown in the world's standard of living.

Arestaurant that creates a new type of sandwich is using (blank) as a method of competition.