If the price level is higher than expected, firms might raise their production in the short run if a. the nominal wage they pay their employees was set based on the expected price level. b. prices are costly to adjust and they have set their price at some time in the past but are not ready to change it. c. they believe that the price of their product has risen relative to the price of other products, when in fact the rise in the price of their product reflects an increase in the general price level.

Pennewell publishing inc. (pp) is a zero growth company. it currently has zero debt and its earnings before interest and taxes (ebit) are $80,000. pp's current cost of equity is 10%, and its tax rate is 40%. the firm has 10,000 shares of common stock outstanding selling at a price per share of $48.00. refer to the data for pennewell publishing inc. (pp). pp is considering changing its capital structure to one with 30% debt and 70% equity, based on market values. the debt would have an interest rate of 8%. the new funds would be used to repurchase stock. it is estimated that the increase in risk resulting from the added leverage would cause the required rate of return on equity to rise to 12%. if this plan were carried out, what would be pp's new value of operations? a. $484,359 b. $521,173 c. $584,653 d. $560,748 e. $487,805

Verizon communications, inc., provides the following footnote relating to its leasing activities in its 10-k report. the aggregate minimum rental commitments under noncancelable leases for the periods shown at december 31, 2010, are as follows: years (dollars in millions) capital leases operatingleases 2011 $97 $1,898 2012 74 1,720 2013 70 1,471 2014 54 1,255 2015 42 1,012 thereafter 81 5,277 total minimum 418 $ 12,633 rental commitments less interest and (86) executory costs present value of 332 minimum lease payments less current (75) installments long-term obligation $257 at december 31, 2010 (a) confirm that verizon capitalized its capital leases using a rate of 7.4 %. (b) compute the present value of verizon's operating leases, assuming an 7.4% discount rate and rounding the remaining lease term to 3 decimal places. (use a financial calculator or excel to compute. do not round until your final answers. round each answer to the nearest whole number.)

According to ceo heidi ganahl, camp bow wow requires a strong and consistent corporate culture to keep all local franchise owners "on the same page" and to follow a common template for the business and brand. this culture could become detrimental over time because: (a) strong consistent cultures are inflexible and incapable of adapting to environmental change (b) strong consistent cultures are too flexible and capable of adapting to environmental change (c) strong consistent cultures don’t perform well in any environment (d) the passing of time provides stability and predictability for businesses