Dmitri was willing to contribute $200 this year to his local college radio station. However, after learning that the radio station already had met its goal of raising $500,000, he decided not to contribute, because he knew he could listen to it without contributing. This is an example of:

Four key marketing decision variables are price (p), advertising (a), transportation (t), and product quality (q). consumer demand (d) is influenced by these variables. the simplest model for describing demand in terms of these variables is: d = k – pp + aa + tt + qq where k, p, a, t, and q are constants. discuss the assumptions of this model. specifically, how does each variable affect demand? how do the variables influence each other? what limitations might this model have? how can it be improved?