Alicia is interested in purchasing a set of ear buds to use with her laptop and smartphone. She visits Best Buy and notices that the prices vary from $10 to several hundred dollars. Alicia prefers wireless ear buds and compares the Skullcandy model that costs $90 to a similar pair from Beats by Dre that cost $119. She decides to purchase the Beats brand because she believes it’s a higher quality set. In this case, Alicia has been influenced by the effect of price.

You wish to retire in 13 years, at which time you want to have accumulated enough money to receive an annual annuity of $23,000 for 18 years after retirement. during the period before retirement you can earn 9 percent annually, while after retirement you can earn 11 percent on your money. what annual contributions to the retirement fund will allow you to receive the $23,000 annuity? use appendix c and appendix d for an approximate answer, but calculate your final answer using the formula and financial calculator methods.