the marginal social benefit from the production of the last unit of a good is $4,800. if the willingness to pay for that unit is $3,900, what is the external benefit from its production?

(a) what was the opportunity cost of non-gm food for many buyers before 2008? (b) why did they prefer the alternative? (c) what was the opportunity cost in 2008? (d) why did it change?

James is an employee in the widget inspection department of xyz systems, a government contractor. james was part of a 3-person inspection team that found a particular batch of widgets did not meet the exacting requirements of the u. s. government. in order to meet the tight deadline and avoid penalties under the contract, james' boss demanded that the batch of widgets be sent in fulfillment of the government contract. when james found out, he went to the vice president of the company and reported the situation. james was demoted by his boss, and no longer works on government projects. james has a:

Haley photocopying purchases a paper from an out-of-state vendor. average weekly demand for paper is 150 cartons per week for which haley pays $15 per carton. in bound shipments from the vendor average 1000 cartoons with an average lead time of 3 weeks. haley operates 52 weeks per year; it carries a 4-week supply of inventory as safety stock and no anticipation inventory. the vendor has recently announced that they will be building a faculty near haley photocopying that will reduce lead time to one week. further, they will be able to reduce shipments to 200 cartons. haley believes that they will be able to reduce safety stock to a 1-week supply. what impact will these changes make to haley’s average inventory level and its average aggregated inventory value?