Suppose the government imposes an excise tax of $10 per pair of shoes, but simultaneously launches a program of giving a gift of $10,000 per year to each shoestore. a. In the short run, what happens to the price of shoes, the number of shoes sold in total, and the number of shoes at any particular shoestore?
b. Suppose that by coincidence, the long-run effect of the two programs combined is to return the price of shoes right back to its original level. In the long run, what happens to the number of shoes sold in total, the number sold at any given store, and the number of stores in the industry?

Annuity payments are assumed to come at the end of each payment period (termed an ordinary annuity). however, an exception occurs when the annuity payments come at the beginning of each period (termed an annuity due). what is the future value of a 13-year annuity of $2,800 per period where payments come at the beginning of each period? the interest rate is 9 percent. use appendix c for an approximate answer, but calculate your final answer using the formula and financial calculator methods. to find the future value of an annuity due when using the appendix tables, add 1 to n and subtract 1 from the tabular value. for example, to find the future value of a $100 payment at the beginning of each period for five periods at 10 percent, go to appendix c for n = 6 and i = 10 percent. look up the value of 7.716 and subtract 1 from it for an answer of 6.716 or $671.60 ($100 × 6.716)