The management of Ballard MicroBrew is considering the purchase of an automated bottling machine for $120,000. The machine would replace an old piece of equipment that costs $30,000 per year to operate. The new machine would cost $12,000 per year to operate. The old machine currently in use is fully depreciated and could be sold now for a salvage value of $40,000. The new machine would have a useful life of 10 years with no salvage value. Required:
1. What is the annual depreciation expense associated with the new bottling machine?
2. What is the annual incremental net operating income provided by the new bottling machine?
3. What is the amount of the initial investment associated with this project that should be used for calculating the simple rate of return?
4. What is the simple rate of return on the new bottling machine? (Round your answer to 1 decimal place.)

6. why the aggregate supply curve slopes upward in the short run in the short run, the quantity of output that firms supply can deviate from the natural level of output if the actual price level in the economy deviates from the expected price level. several theories explain how this might happen. for example, the misperceptions theory asserts that changes in the price level can temporarily mislead firms about what is happening to their output prices. consider a soybean farmer who expects a price level of 100 in the coming year. if the actual price level turns out to be 90, soybean prices will , and if the farmer mistakenly assumes that the price of soybeans declined relative to other prices of goods and services, she will respond by the quantity of soybeans supplied. if other producers in this economy mistake changes in the price level for changes in their relative prices, the unexpected decrease in the price level causes the quantity of output supplied to the natural level of output in the short run.