The impact of interest rate changes in the PV of $100 due in 20 years compared to the PV of $100 due in one year are: a. smaller because interest rate changes have a greater impact on the near-term cash flows than distant cash flows.
b. the same because the cash flow is the same.
c. greater because interest rate changes have a greater impact on distant cash flows than near-term cash flows.
d. sometimes less and sometimes more depending on the interest rate.

c. greater because interest rate changes have a greater impact on distant cash flows than near-term cash flows.

Explanation:

Interest rate changes have a greater impact on distant cashflows because those cashflows will be exposed to the interest rates for longer. This means that they will be subjected to more discounting than a cashflow that is due in one year which would be subject to only a single year of discounting.

For instance, assume the required rate of return for two investments is 10%. One investment yields $10,000 in 20 years and another yields $10,000 in 2 years .

The present value of both are:

= 10,000 / (1 + 10%)²⁰                                                  = 10,000 / ( 1 + 10%)²

= $1,486.43                                                                  = $8,264.46

Notice the difference. The longer term investment was more exposed to interest rate effects.

answer; i believe that the correct answer is ( secondary research); //

cognitive overload: having a lot on your mind impairs decision-making and tends to result in the simplest, but not necessarily best, option being selected.

empathy gaps: overlooking how you might feel in a different situation can result in unnecessary purchases, such as overbuying when shopping for food on an empty stomach.

optimism and overconfidence: wearing rose-tinted glasses and having unrealistic expectations about the future can affect money management and leave you unprepared for a change in circumstance.

instant gratification: seeking instant gratification drives impulsive spending and can undermine long-term planning and savings.

harmful habits: automatic or mindless behaviour can amplify a poor financial decision as it becomes a recurring event.

social norms: we are heavily influenced by the actions of others; while this can be in certain circumstances, it also contributes to the pressure to keep up with the joneses through conspicuous consumption.