If an agent injures a third party during the course of employment, to what extent should the employer be held liable? Under what circumstances should the agent be held personally liable? Provide an example to illustrate your opinion.

The employer will be held liable.

Explanation:

If the external agent brings harm or injury to a third party in the course of an employment, the employer is held liable. When a principal directs an agent to commit for a tort or if the principal is aware of the consequences of carrying the instructions of the agent could cause harm or injure the person, then the principal is liable.

It is called direct liability.

The liability for the intentional tort which is imputed to the principal when the agent acts to further the business of the principal.

The agent is personally liable under the following circumstances :

Example :

A credit card company hires a sales person and offers a company van to make sales in that area. The sales person uses the office van to official purposes. But one night, he drove the car to a friend's party and while coming he drove over a pedestrian. In this case, the owner of the company will not be held liable as the sales person uses the company van for his personal use while going out for party with his friends. While causing the accident, the sales person was not not using the office van for official purposes and was not tendering official duties at that time.