Splitting up a the natural monopoly held by a public utility that produces and provides electricity would

Suppose an economist believes that the price level in the economy is directly related to the money supply, or the amount of money circulating in the economy. the economist proposes the following relationship: p=a x m - p=price level - m=money supply - a=a composite of other factors, including real gdp, that change very slowly over time. how might an economist gather empirical data to test the proposed relationship between money and the price level? an economist would persuade the federal reserve to change the money supply to various levels, and observe the resulting changes in the price level. unlike researchers in the hard sciences, economists cannot study complex relationships using data. economists do not usually develop theoretical models of the economy but only analyze summary statistics about the current state of the economy. an economist would look for data on past changes in the money supply, and note the resulting changes in the price level

Answer the following questions using the information below: southwestern college is planning to hold a fund raising banquet at one of the local country clubs. it has two options for the banquet: option one: crestview country club a. fixed rental cost of $1,000 b. $12 per person for food option two: tallgrass country club a. fixed rental cost of $3,000 b. $8.00 per person for food southwestern college has budgeted $1,800 for administrative and marketing expenses. it plans to hire a band which will cost another $800. tickets are expected to be $30 per person. local business supporters will donate any other items required for the event. which option has the lowest breakeven point?

Pennewell publishing inc. (pp) is a zero growth company. it currently has zero debt and its earnings before interest and taxes (ebit) are $80,000. pp's current cost of equity is 10%, and its tax rate is 40%. the firm has 10,000 shares of common stock outstanding selling at a price per share of $48.00. refer to the data for pennewell publishing inc. (pp). pp is considering changing its capital structure to one with 30% debt and 70% equity, based on market values. the debt would have an interest rate of 8%. the new funds would be used to repurchase stock. it is estimated that the increase in risk resulting from the added leverage would cause the required rate of return on equity to rise to 12%. if this plan were carried out, what would be pp's new value of operations? a. $484,359 b. $521,173 c. $584,653 d. $560,748 e. $487,805