Master Corp. issued 8%, $80,000 bonds on February 1, 2020. The bonds pay interest semiannually each July 31 and January 31 and were issued to yield 7%. The bonds mature January 31, 2030, and the company uses the effective interest method to amortize bond discounts or premiums. Required:
a. Prepare journal entries on the following dates.
1. February 1, 2020—Issuance of bonds.
2. July 31, 2020—Interest payment.
3. December 31, 2020—Interest accrual.
4. January 31, 2021—Interest payment. b. Indicate how the balance sheet and income statement of Master
b. Corp. for the year ended December 31, 2020, would reflect these transactions.
c. What is the total cost of financing assuming that the bonds remain outstanding for the full term?
d. What is the total cost of financing assuming that the bonds remain outstanding for the full term if the straight-line interest method was used to amortize the premium?
e. If the company were to have instead amortized the premium using the straight-line interest method, would interest expense recognized be lower or higher in 2020?
f. If the company were to have instead amortized the premium using the straight-line interest method, would interest expense recognized be lower or higher in 2030?

Master Corp.

a. Journal Entries:

1. Feb. 1, 2020:

Debit Cash $85,685

Credit 8% Bonds Payable $80,000

Credit Bonds Premium $5,685

To record the issuance of bonds at premium.

2. July 31, 2020:

Debit Interest Expense $2,999

Debit Bonds Premium $201

Credit Cash $3,200

To record the first payment of interest on the bonds and amortization of premium.

December 31, 2020:

Debit Interest Expense $2,493

Debit Bonds Premium $174

Credit Interest Payable $2,667

To accrue interest expense and bonds payable.

4. January 31, 2021:

Debit Interest Expense $499

Debit Bonds Premium $34

Debit Interest Payable $2,667

Credit Cash $3,200

To record the payment of interest.

b. Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2020:

Liabilities:

Bonds Payable $80,000

Bonds Premium $5,310 ($5,685 - 201 - 174)

Income Statement for the year ended December 31, 2020:

Interest Expense $5,492

c. The total cost of financing the bonds for full term is $58,315.04.

d. The total cost of financing is $58,315.04

e. Interest expense would have remained the same.

f. The interest expense would have remained the same as it is not dependent on the premium amortization method used.

Explanation:

a) Data and Calculations:

February 1, 2020:

Face value of issued bonds = $80,000

Price of issued bonds =          $85,685

Premium on bonds =                $5,685

N (# of periods)  20

I/Y (Interest per year)  8

PMT (Periodic Payment) = $ 3,200  

Results:

PV = $85,684.96

Sum of all periodic payments = $64,000.00

Total Interest$58,315.04

July 31, 2020:

Cash payment =   $3,200 ($80,000 * 4%)

Interest Expense    2,999 ($85,685 * 3.5%)

Premium amortized $201

December 31, 2020:

Interest Payable =   $2,667 ($80,000 * 4% * 5/6)

Interest expense = $2,493

Premium amortized   $174

January 31, 2021:

Interest Expense $499

Bonds Premium $34

Interest Payable $2,667