The per-unit standards for direct labor are 1.5 direct labor hours at $15 per hour. If in producing 3600 units, the actual direct labor cost was $74400 for 4800 direct labor hours worked, the total direct labor variance is $3600 unfavorable. $6600 unfavorable. $1800 unfavorable. $6600 favorable.

The business cycle is the periodic but irregular up-and-down movement in economic activity, measured by fluctuations in real gross domestic product (gdp) and other macroeconomic variables. a business cycle is typically characterized by four phases—recession, recovery, growth, and decline—that repeat themselves over time. economists note, however, that complete business cycles vary in length. the duration of business cycles can be anywhere from about two to twelve years, with most cycles averaging six years in length. some business analysts use the business cycle model and terminology to study and explain fluctuations in business inventory and other individual elements of corporate operations. but the term "business cycle" is still primarily associated with larger (industry-wide, regional, national, or even international) business trends.