arett Motors is trying to decide whether it should keep its existing car washing machine or purchase a new one that has technological advantages (which translate into cost savings) over the existing machine. Information on each machine follows: Old machine New machine Original cost $9,000 $20,000 Accumulated depreciation 5,000 0 Annual cash operating costs 9,000 4,000 Current salvage value of old machine 2,000 Salvage value in 10 years 500 1,000 Remaining life 10 yrs 10 yrs Refer to Jarett Motors. The $4,000 of annual operating costs that are common to both the old and the new machine are an example of a(n) Select one: a. opportunity cost b. irrelevant cost c. future avoidable cost d. sunk cost

Jarett Motors

The $4,000 of annual operating costs are an example of an

a. opportunity cost

Explanation:

a) Data and Calculations:

                                                        Old machine    New machine

Original cost                                        $9,000              $20,000

Accumulated depreciation                    5,000              0

Annual cash operating costs                9,000                  4,000

Current salvage value of old machine 2,000

Salvage value in 10 years                         500                  1,000

Remaining life                                        10 yrs                  10 yrs

b) The annual operating costs are an example of opportunity cost because the alternative with the old machine will incur an annual operating cost of $9,000 instead of $4,000 with the new machine.  This will translate to a forgone benefit of $5,000 ($9,000 - $4,000) in cost saving if the new machine is purchased.

sound is invisible, but sometimes we can feel it. when a kettle-drum is thumped with a stick that time the tight drum skin moving up and down very quickly for some time and then it pumped sound waves into the air. loudspeakers also work in a similar manner.

components of a speaker:

electromagnet

in order to translate an electrical signal into an audible sound, an electromagnet is used in looudspeakers

  suspension

suspension is used to   center the voice coil in the gap of the magnet and it exerts a restoring force to keep it there. suspension is used to limits the maximum mechanical excursion of the diaphragm and voice coil.

voice coil

voice coil is a coil of wire which is attached to the apex of a loudspeaker cone. it provides the motive force to the cone by the reaction of a magnetic field to the current passing through it.

cone

in a   loudspeaker, a   thin, semi-rigid membrane attached to the voice coil, which moves in a magnetic gap due to which it vibrates   and produced sound. it is known as diaphragm and it can also be called a cone, though not all speaker diaphragms are cone-shaped.

surround

surround is also known as front suspension. surround is used to join the cone to the chassis. together with the suspension it controls the cone excursion, and it is also used to   determine how energy which is   travelling through the cone is absorbed, and how the speaker limits when it reaches the ends of its travel.

dustcap

dustcap is used to protect the voice coil from dust and dirt. it is a part of the cone.

how speaker work

the outer part of the cone is fastened to the outer part of the loudspeaker's circular metal rim. the inner part is fixed to   voice coil that sits just in front of a permanent magnet . when loudspeaker is hooked up to a stereo, electrical signals feed through the speaker cables into the coil. it will convert the coil into an electromagnet magnet . when electricity flows back and forth in the cables, the electromagnet either repels or attract the permanent magnet. this moves the coil back and forth, and it pull and push the loudspeaker cone. like a drum skin vibrating back and forth, the moving cone pumps sounds out into the air.in this way loudspeakers works.

d. low interest rates