Front end loads: a) Are disguised as 12b-1 fees b) Are paid to the mutual fund company after you have held the fund for a long time and you are ready to sell the fund to get your investment back c) Can be compared between different mutual funds by adding the expense ratio and the 12b-1 fee that you find in the prospectus d) Are paid to the mutual fund company when you first purchase the fund

In 2015, lori assigned a paid-up whole life insurance policy to an irrevocable life insurance trust (ilit) for the benefit of her three children. the ilit contained a crummey provision for the benefit of each child. at the time of the transfer, the whole life insurance policy was valued at $200,000, and since lori had not made any other taxable gifts during her lifetime, she did not owe any gift tax. lori died in 2016, and the face value of the whole life insurance policy of $2,000,000 was paid to the ilit. regarding this transfer, how much is included in lori’s gross estate at her death?