XYZ Ltd signs a contract on 30 June 2015, agreeing to build a bridge for ABC Limited at a contract price of $40 million. XYZ Ltd estimates that construction costs will be as follows:

Carver company produces a product which sells for $30. variable manufacturing costs are $15 per unit. fixed manufacturing costs are $5 per unit based on the current level of activity, and fixed selling and administrative costs are $4 per unit. a selling commission of 10% of the selling price is paid on each unit sold. the contribution margin per unit is:

Gary becker's controversial the economics of discrimination concludes that price discrimination has no effect on final profits. price discrimination benefits monopolies. labor discrimination in hiring results in more efficient allocations of production. discrimination in hiring practices has no effect on final profits. labor discrimination harms firms that practice it due to increased labor costs. price discrimination harms monopolies, which refutes over two centuries of economic theory.

When color is used on a topographical drawing, black is used to represent what?