What happens to the equilibrium in aggregate output if the interest rate falls? Use a graph of the aggregate expenditure line (like the top half of Exhibit 2.10 to answer the question. (Hint: Start with how the decline in the interest rate impacts investment and then describe how that change in
investment impacts the income expenditure model)

Reliability and validity reliability and validity are two important considerations that must be made with any type of data collection. reliability refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. in the context of psychological research, this would mean that any instruments or tools used to collect data do so in consistent, reproducible ways. unfortunately, being consistent in measurement does not necessarily mean that you have measured something correctly. to illustrate this concept, consider a kitchen scale that would be used to measure the weight of cereal that you eat in the morning. if the scale is not properly calibrated, it may consistently under- or overestimate the amount of cereal that’s being measured. while the scale is highly reliable in producing consistent results (e. g., the same amount of cereal poured onto the scale produces the same reading each time), those results are incorrect. this is where validity comes into play. validity refers to the extent to which a given instrument or tool accurately measures what it’s supposed to measure. while any valid measure is by necessity reliable, the reverse is not necessarily true. researchers strive to use instruments that are both highly reliable and valid.

Which of the following is an element of inventory holding costs? a. material handling costs b. investment costs c. housing costs d. pilferage, scrap, and obsolescence e. all of the above are elements of inventory holding costs.

Lucy is catering an important luncheon and wants to make sure her bisque has the perfect consistency. for her bisque to turn out right, it should have the consistency of a. cold heavy cream. b. warm milk. c. foie gras. d. thick oatmeal.