You are an economic analyst for the Parliamentary Budget Officer (PBO) and have been charged with the task of coming up with a strategy to increase investment spending in the economy. You have worked closely with Statistics Canada and are therefore aware that the identity used to calculate the country's production is GDP = C + I +G + X - IM Assuming your country does not export or import and all else is equal, you advise the PBO that:

a. The budget should be in deficit, and investment by firms will then increase.
b. The budget should be in deficit, and programs meant to increase private saving should be imposed.
c. The budget should run a deficit, and programs meant to stimulate private spending should be imposed.
d. The budget should run a surplus, and programs meant to stimulate private savings should be imposed.

James jones is the owner of a small retail business operated as a sole proprietorship. during 2017, his business recorded the following items of income and expense: revenue from inventory sales $ 147,000 cost of goods sold 33,500 business license tax 2,400 rent on retail space 42,000 supplies 15,000 wages paid to employees 22,000 payroll taxes 1,700 utilities 3,600 compute taxable income attributable to the sole proprietorship by completing schedule c to be included in james’s 2017 form 1040. compute self-employment tax payable on the earnings of james’s sole proprietorship by completing a 2017 schedule se, form 1040. assume your answers to parts a and b are the same for 2018. further assume that james's business is not a service business, and that it has $155,000 unadjusted basis in tangible depreciable property. calculate james's 2018 section 199a deduction.