is a marketer's tool in assessing products in terms of suitability for a market.

Assume that the following conditions exist: a. all banks are fully loaned up- there are no excess reserves, and desired excess reserves are always zero. b. the money multiplier is 5 .     c. the planned investment schedule is such that at a 4 percent rate of interest, investment =$1450 billion. at 5 percent, investment is $1420 billion. d. the investment multiplier is 3 . e.. the initial equilibrium level of real gdp is $12 trillion. f. the equilibrium rate of interest is 4 percent now the fed engages in contractionary monetary policy. it sells $1 billion worth of bonds, which reduces the money supply, which in turn raises the market rate of interest by 1 percentage point. calculate the decrease in money supply after fed's sale of bonds: $nothing billion.

Which of the following is/are required to be in writing under the ucc's statute of frauds? a. a $10,000 oral contract dealing with specially manufactured goods. b. a $550 oral contract dealing with unique goods. c. a $100,000 oral contract involving the lease of goods where the defendant admits the existence of the contract in court. d. a $12,000 oral contract where the seller ships the goods and the buyer takes possession of half of the goods. e. all of the above.

Risk is the risk of a decline in a bond's value due to an increase in interest rates. this risk is higher on bonds that have long maturities than on bonds that will mature in the near future. risk is the risk that a decline in interest rates will lead to a decline in income from a bond portfolio. this risk is obviously high on callable bonds. it is also high on short-term bonds because the shorter the bond's maturity, the fewer the years before the relatively high old-coupon bonds will be replaced with new low-coupon issues. which type of risk is more relevant to an investor depends on the investor's , which is the period of time an investor plans to hold a particular investment. longer maturity bonds have high risk but low risk, while higher coupon bonds have a higher level of risk and a lower level of risk. to account for the effects related to both a bond's maturity and coupon, many analysts focus on a measure called , which is the weighted average of the time it takes to receive each of the bond's cash flows. conceptual question: which of the following bonds would have the largest duration? a)10year-zero coupon bonds b)10year-7% annual coupon bonds c)10year-3% annual coupon bonds d)5year-3% annual coupon bonds e)3year-7% annual coupon bonds