Aj missed 20 free throws in last week's basketball game and his team lost by three points. this week he has practiced free throws for two hours a day. expectancy theory explains this action as:

In the situation where Aj missed 20 free throws in last week's basketball game and his team lost by three points so this week he has practiced free throws for two hours a day, instrumentality under the expectancy theory is practiced or evident. This theory happens if an individual’s behavior results come from conscious choices wherein the alternatives are available whose purpose is to have maximum pleasure and to minimize pain. Another explanation is, the motivation in the selection of behavior is determined by the desirability of the outcome. The theory’s core is based on the cognitive process of how an individual processes the different motivational elements. When we talk about instrumentality, this refers to the belief that a person will receive a reward if the performance expectation is met. In the case of AJ, the reward is in the form of the number of possible points which can give way to his team winning the future games. This can be attainable for he has practiced his skills in making free throws.

rational decision making is a multi-step process for making choices between alternatives. the process of rational decision making favors logic, objectivity, and analysis over subjectivity and insight. the word “rational” in this context does not mean sane or clear-headed as it does in the colloquial sense.

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