It is really necessary for service firms to engage in research and development? in planning for production and operations control?

Yes just because they are a service firm does not mean they should slack in the area. This area is directed toward innovation, introduction, and improvements of products. There are many things that can be learned through this area regardless if people think they know everything in their field. There are still lot of things to learn like product research and development. It goes hand in hand with market research and development. Considerable connection is required between these two areas, and procedures need to be standardized. Setting up a production process or a new line can involve considerable cost, and careful work in the early stages will help to ensure that profits are made. Product researchers use marketing data to help them to develop products or services and choose suitable designs.

answer utilities; more money you have to pay out ; )

the answer is "b.the increased supply will create a surplus. "

the essential thought behind price controls is straightforward - utilize the power of law to modify the equilibrium of a market. for instance, the legislature may choose that the steel business needs to survive, and in this way pass a law to set a value floor on steel. this implies all steel sold must offer at or over the floor value, which must be set over the equilibrium cost for it to have any impact. the switch could likewise happen - the administration can choose that steel is excessively costly and set a value roof underneath its equilibrium value, with the goal that all steel must be sold at or beneath that ceiling.