What is the business cycle? what causes changes from one phase of the business cycle to another

The hawthorne works was a large western electric factory with 45,000 employees. during the 1920s and 1930s, hawthorne works was the site of some well-known industrial studies. in one of the studies, researchers investigated the impact of different working conditions on worker productivity. prior to the start of the study, researchers secretly measured workers' productivity for several weeks. then researchers chose two workers, who then chose their own teams. the teams were separated from the general workforce and completed their work in different experiment rooms where the researchers could observe them more easily. over a 5-year period researchers manipulated the structure of the workday for each team (number and duration of breaks and number of hours per shift). for each of these changes in working conditions, the researchers measured the effect on productivity. for some conditions, such as frequent short breaks, workers rebelled by intentionally decreasing productivity. why did the researchers secretly measure the workers' productivity before creating the two treatment groups? a, to create similar treatment groups so that a cause-and-effect relationship could be establishedb, to draw conclusions about the productivity of all workers in the plant based on the test groupsc, to directly control for confounding variablesd, to provide a baseline for measuring worker productivity

Which of the following is true about presentation methods for providing training? audiovisual techniques are most effective when they are used alone. mobile technologies include training methods such as on-the-job training, simulations, business games and case studies, behavior modeling, interactive video, and web-based training that require the trainee to be actively involved in learning. the typical users for teleconferencing include employees who are part of a workforce that spends most of its time traveling, visiting customers or various company locations and has limited time available to spend in traditional training activities. webcasting involves classroom instructions that are provided online through live broadcasts. classroom instruction is no longer a popular training method because of new technologies such as interactive video and computer-assisted instruction.

Imprudential, inc., has an unfunded pension liability of $572 million that must be paid in 25 years. to assess the value of the firm’s stock, financial analysts want to discount this liability back to the present. if the relevant discount rate is 6.5 percent, what is the present value of this liability? (do not round intermediate calculations and enter your answer in dollars, not millions, rounded to 2 decimal places, e. g., 1,234,567.89)