On January 1, 2009, AML company issues bonds maturing in 5 years. The par value of the bonds is $10,000, the annual coupon rate is 4-percent, and the compounding period is semiannually. The market initially prices these bonds using annual market interest rate 6-percent. The market interest rate on June 30, 2010 was 5% and the market interest rate on Dec. 31, 2012 was 8%. Were the bonds issued at par, a discount or a premium

When cell phones were first entering the market, they were relatively large and reception was undependable. all cell phones were essentially the same. but as the technology developed, many competitors entered, introducing features unique to their phones. today, cell phones are only a small fraction of the size and weight of their predecessors. consumers can buy cell phones with color screens, cameras, internet access, daily planners, or voice activation (and any combination of these features). the history of the cell phone demonstrates what marketing trend?