During the first month of operations ended July 31, Western Creations Company produced 80,000 designer cowboy hats, of which 72,000 were sold. Operating data for the month are summarized as follows: 1 Sales $4,320,000.00
2 Manufacturing costs:
3 Direct materials $1,600,000.00
4 Direct labor 1,440,000.00
5 Variable manufacturing cost 240,000.00
6 Fixed manufacturing cost 320,000.00 3,600,000.00
7 Selling and administrative expenses:
8 Variable $144,000.00
9 Fixed 25,000.00 169,000.00
1 Sales $4,320,000.00
2 Manufacturing costs:
3 Direct materials $1,280,000.00
4 Direct labor 1,152,000.00
5 Variable manufacturing cost 192,000.00
6 Fixed manufacturing cost 320,000.00 2,944,000.00
7 Selling and administrative expenses:
8 Variable $144,000.00
9 Fixed 25,000.00 169,000.00
Required:
1. Using the absorption costing concept, prepare income statements for (a) July and (b) August.
2. Using the variable costing concept, prepare income statements for (a) July and (b) August.*
3a. Explain the reason for the differences in the amount of income from operations in (1) and (2) for July.
3b. Explain the reason for the differences in the amount of income from operations in (1) and (2) for August.
4. Based on your answers to (1) and (2), did Western Creations Company operate more profitably in July or in August? Explain.

Western Creations Company

1. Income Statements for July and August, under absorption costing:

                                               July                   August

Sales Revenue                $4,320,000.00    $4,320,000.00

Cost of goods sold            3,240,000.00      2,649,600.00

Gross profit                      $1,080,000.00     $1,670,400.00

Total selling & admin. exp. $169,000.00       $169,000.00

Net Income                          $911,000.00     $1,501,400.00

2. Income Statements for July and August, using variable costing:

                                                   July                   August

Sales Revenue                    $4,320,000.00    $4,320,000.00

Variable cost of goods sold  3,081,600.00       2,491,200.00

Contribution margin            $1,238,400.00     $1,828,800.00

Fixed expenses:

Total fixed costs                      345,000.00         345,000.00

Net income                           $893,400.00      $1,483,800.00

3a. The reason for the differences in the amount of the income from operations in in (1) and (2) for July is the cost of goods sold based on full manufacturing costs for (1) while only variable costs are considered for (2).

3b. The reason for the differences in the amount of the income from operations in (1) and (2) for August is also the cost of goods sold based on full manufacturing costs for (1) while only variable costs are considered for (2).

Explanation:

a) Data and Calculations:

Number of hats produced = 80,000

Number of hats sold = 72,000

Ending inventory = 8,000

1 Sales $4,320,000.00

2 Manufacturing costs:             July                    August

3 Direct materials                  $1,600,000.00    $1,280,000.00

4 Direct labor                           1,440,000.00       1,152,000.00

5 Variable manufacturing cost 240,000.00         192,000.00

6 Fixed manufacturing cost      320,000.00        320,000.00

Total manufacturing costs   $3,600,000.00  $2,944,000.00

Under absorption costing:

Unit cost = $45 ($3,600,000/80,000)             $36.80 ($2,944,000/80,000)

Cost of goods sold = $3,240,000 ($45*72,000) $2,649,600 (36.8*72,000)

Ending Inventory =         360,000 ($45*8,000)         294,400 ($36.8*8,000)

7 Selling and administrative expenses:

8 Variable                                 $144,000.00       $144,000.00

9 Fixed                                         25,000.00          25,000.00

Total selling & admin.  exp.     $169,000.00      $169,000.00

Under variable costing:

2 Manufacturing costs:

3 Direct materials                    $1,600,000.00     $1,280,000.00

4 Direct labor                             1,440,000.00        1,152,000.00

5 Variable manufacturing cost   240,000.00          192,000.00

8 Variable selling & admin cost   144,000.00          144,000.00

Total variable costs =             $3,424,000.00    $2,768,000.00

Unit variable cost = $42.80 ($3,424,000/80,000)     $34.60

Cost of goods sold = $3,081,600 ($42.80 * 72,000)  $2,491,200

Ending Inventory =         342,400 ($42.80 * 8,000)         276,800

6 Fixed manufacturing cost    $320,000.00            $320,000.00

9 Fixed selling & admin. cost      25,000.00                25,000.00

Total fixed costs =                   $345,000.00            $345,000.00

steering wheels are always situated on the left side of the car.

always drive on the right side of the road.

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hashed or broken lines means you may change lanes when it is safe.

solid white lines mean stay in your lane.

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hashed or broken yellow lines mean you can carefully pass, paying attention to oncoming traffic.

never cross a solid yellow line (or double yellow line).

when turning left at an intersection, pass in front of any cars that are turning left from the opposing direction (do not try to pass behind them).

use the left lane to pass other cars traveling your direction.

do not pass in the right lane unless absolutely necessary.

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never pass a school bus if it has flashing red lights. wait until the lights have stopped.

be aware of bicyclists. often they share the road with cars and are supposed to also follow general traffic laws.

be particularly careful about driving in cities with bike lanes -- always check before turning that a bike is not coming.

it is mandatory to pull over or stop at an intersection to allow an emergency vehicle to pass you if you see one traveling with lights flashing and/or a siren running.

do not overuse your car horn. horns are used almost exclusively for emergency situations or for when you feel unsafe.

explanation:

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