Norio Manufacturing uses powdered plastics (PPS) to manufacture a high-pressure board used in a digital equipment product, Flex 10. Information concerning its operation in June is as follows: Budgeted units of Flex 10 for June 6,300 Budgeted usage of PPS 56,700 pounds Actual number of units of Flex 10 manufactured 5,300 PPS purchased 70,520 pounds PPS used 52,000 pounds Total actual cost of PPS used $ 309,920 Direct materials usage variance $ 35,260 unfavorable Assume that Norio recognizes the material purchase-price variance at the point of purchase. The direct materials purchase-price variance (rounded to the nearest dollar) is:

Gary becker's controversial the economics of discrimination concludes that price discrimination has no effect on final profits. price discrimination benefits monopolies. labor discrimination in hiring results in more efficient allocations of production. discrimination in hiring practices has no effect on final profits. labor discrimination harms firms that practice it due to increased labor costs. price discrimination harms monopolies, which refutes over two centuries of economic theory.

5. profit maximization and shutting down in the short run suppose that the market for polos is a competitive market. the following graph shows the daily cost curves of a firm operating in this market. 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 price (dollars per polo) quantity (thousands of polos) mc atc avc for each price in the following table, calculate the firm's optimal quantity of units to produce, and determine the profit or loss if it produces at that quantity, using the data from the previous graph to identify its total variable cost. assume that if the firm is indifferent between producing and shutting down, it will produce. (hint: you can select the purple points [diamond symbols] on the previous graph to see precise information on average variable cost.) price quantity total revenue fixed cost variable cost profit (dollars per polo) (polos) (dollars) (dollars) (dollars) (dollars) 12.50 135,000 27.50 135,000 45.00 135,000 if the firm shuts down, it must incur its fixed costs (fc) in the short run. in this case, the firm's fixed cost is $135,000 per day. in other words, if it shuts down, the firm would suffer losses of $135,000 per day until its fixed costs end (such as the expiration of a building lease). this firm's shutdown price—that is, the price below which it is optimal for the firm to shut down—is per polo.

As a finance manager at allsports communication, charlie worries about the firm's borrowing requirements for the upcoming year. he knows the benefit of estimating allsports' cash disbursements and short-term investment expectations. facing these concerns, a(n) would provide charlie with valuable information by providing a good estimation of whether the firm will need to do short-term borrowing. capital budget cash budget operating budget line item budget