David owns 15 percent of the shares of common stock currently held in BIGD Analytics Co. At the most recent meeting, the board of directors authorized the sale of 250,000 new shares of stock to raise funds. As an existing stockholder, David may have a to buy up to 37,500 shares of the new stock before it is offered to the public.

Because of the violent nature of the sport, professional american football players are at risk of suffering concussions (or brain injuries) during the violent collisions that occur between players during the game. violent collisions involving hits to the head are particularly risky. suppose the commissioner of the national football league (nfl) institutes a rule requiring players to wear a new, lighter helmet that is designed to reduce head trauma during collisions between players on the field. while the new helmets the probability of a concussion resulting from each individual collision, at the same time the new helmets could also give football players an incentive to play more , which could potentially the amount of violent collisions and thus the number of concussions suffered by nfl players, all else equal.