National defense is a good that is non excludable and nonrival in consumption. Suppose that, instead of national defense being paid with tax dollars, national defense is paid by voluntary contributions from (potentially) all individuals within Latvia. Alan, who is a Latvian citizen, must decide whether he wants to contribute to the national defense budget Further, suppose that there are a total of 10 citizens, including Alan. For the optimal amount of safety, each citizen should pay $10. Every $1 contributed (by anyone) to the national defense, leads to increased security, which each person values at $0.25. This means that every dollar spent on defense is worth $2.50 to Latvia as a whole.
Suppose that, instead of relying on voluntary contributions, the government simply levies a tax of $10 on each person to pay for national defense. How much better or worse off would Alan be if everyone (including himself) were taxed $10 instead of contributing voluntarily?
If Alan is worse off, be sure to put a negative sign in front of the number.

Alpha company uses the periodic inventory system for purchase & sales of merchandise. discount terms for both purchases & sales are, 2/10, n30 and the gross method is used. unless otherwise noted, fob destination will apply to all purchases & sales. the value of inventory is based on periodic system. on january 1, 2016, beginning inventory consisted of 350 units of widgets costing $10 each. alpha prepares monthly income statements. the following events occurred during the month of jan.: dateactivitya. jan. 3purchased on account 350 widgets for $11 each. b.jan. 5sold on account 400 widgets for $30 each. paid freight out with petty cash of $150.c. jan. 10purchased on account 625 widgets for $12 each. d.jan. 11shipping cost for the january 10 purchased merchandise was $400 was paid with a cheque by alpha directly to the freight company. e.jan. 12returned 50 widgets received from jan. 10 purchase as they were not the correct item ordered. f.jan. 13paid for the purchases made on jan. 3.g. jan. 21sold on account 550 widgets for $30 each. paid freight out with petty cash of $250.h. jan. 22authorize credit without return of goods for 50 widgets sold on jan. 21 when customer advised that they were received in defective condition. i.jan. 25received payment for the sale made on jan. 5.j. jan. 26paid for the purchases made on jan. 10.k. jan. 31received payment for the sale made on jan. 21.use this information to prepare the general journal entries (without explanation) for the january events. if no entry is required then enter the date and write "no entry required."