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Pennewell publishing inc. (pp) is a zero growth company. it currently has zero debt and its earnings before interest and taxes (ebit) are $80,000. pp's current cost of equity is 10%, and its tax rate is 40%. the firm has 10,000 shares of common stock outstanding selling at a price per share of $48.00. refer to the data for pennewell publishing inc. (pp). pp is considering changing its capital structure to one with 30% debt and 70% equity, based on market values. the debt would have an interest rate of 8%. the new funds would be used to repurchase stock. it is estimated that the increase in risk resulting from the added leverage would cause the required rate of return on equity to rise to 12%. if this plan were carried out, what would be pp's new value of operations? a. $484,359 b. $521,173 c. $584,653 d. $560,748 e. $487,805

(a) what was the opportunity cost of non-gm food for many buyers before 2008? (b) why did they prefer the alternative? (c) what was the opportunity cost in 2008? (d) why did it change?

True or flase? a. new technological developments can us adapt to depleting sources of natural resources. b. research and development funds from the government to private industry never pay off for the country as a whole; they only increase the profits of rich corporations. c. in order for fledgling industries in poor nations to thrive, they must receive protection from foreign trade. d. countries with few natural resources will always be poor. e. as long as real gdp (gross domestic product) grows at a slower rate than the population, per capita real gdp increases.