2.A company began 2019 with retained earnings of $23.45 million. During the year, it paid four quarterly dividends of 0.25 per share to common stockholders holding 1 million shares. Preferred stockholders, holding 0.5 million shares, were paid four quarterly dividends of 0.50 per share. The firm had a net profit after taxes of 2.18 million. What is the value of the retained earnings balance at the end of the year

$23.63 million

Explanation:

First and foremost, we can calculate the quarterly common stockholder dividend which will be:

= $0.25 × 1 Million

= $0.25 million

Then, the annual dividend to the common stockholders will be:

= $0.25 million × 4

= $1 million

The quarterly preferred stockholder dividend will be calculated as:

= $0.50 × 0.50 Million

= $0.25 million

We would then multiply $0.25 million by 4 to get the annual dividend attributable to the preferred stockholders which will be:

= $0.25 million × 4

= $1 Million

Total Dividend would then be:

= Annual dividend to common stockholders + Annual dividend to preferred stockholder

= $1 Million + $1 Million

= $2 Million

The value of the retained earnings balance at the end of the year will then be:

= Retained Earnings at the beginning of the year + Net Income – Dividend

= $23.45 + $2.18 - $2.00

= $23.63 million

3rd the reason why is because of management and leadership

answer; lags, push the econ below the natural level of output;