Check the correct category for each of the following items. Note: for purposes of this exercise, consider cash in and out for this couple regardless of whether the item is for personal or business use. Cash In/Income Cash Out/Expense Cost of business trip State tax liability Clothing purchases Once expenses have been identified, they can be categorized as either fixed expenses or variable expenses. For example, your mortgage would be considered a expense, because . Conversely, grocery bills would be considered , because the actual amount is

1. the political environment in india has proven to be critical to company performance for both pepsico and coca-cola india. what specific aspects of the political environment have played key roles? could these effects have been anticipated prior to market entry? if not, could developments in the political arena have been handled better by each company? 2. timing of entry into the indian market brought different results for pepsico and coca-cola india. what benefits or disadvantages accrued as a result of earlier or later market entry? 3. the indian market is enormous in terms of population and geography. how have the two companies responded to the sheer scale of operations in india in terms of product policies, promotional activities, pricing policies, and distribution arrangements? 4. “global localization” (glocalization) is a policy that both companies have implemented successfully. give examples for each company from the case.

Lavage rapide is a canadian company that owns and operates a large automatic car wash facility near montreal. the following table provides data concerning the company’s costs: fixed cost per month cost per car washed cleaning supplies $ 0.70 electricity $ 1,400 $ 0.07 maintenance $ 0.15 wages and salaries $ 4,900 $ 0.30 depreciation $ 8,300 rent $ 1,900 administrative expenses $ 1,400 $ 0.03 for example, electricity costs are $1,400 per month plus $0.07 per car washed. the company expects to wash 8,000 cars in august and to collect an average of $6.50 per car washed. the actual operating results for august appear below. lavage rapide income statement for the month ended august 31 actual cars washed 8,100 revenue $ 54,100 expenses: cleaning supplies 6,100 electricity 1,930 maintenance 1,440 wages and salaries 7,660 depreciation 8,300 rent 2,100 administrative expenses 1,540 total expense 29,070 net operating income $ 25,030 required: calculate the company's revenue and spending variances for august.

Zachary company produces commercial gardening equipment. since production is highly automated, the company allocates its overhead costs to product lines using activity-based costing. the costs and cost drivers associated with the four overhead activity cost pools follow: activities unit level batch level product level facility level cost $ 64,800 $ 27,730 $ 15,000 $ 154,000 cost driver 2,400 labor hrs. 47 setups percentage of use 11,000 units production of 780 sets of cutting shears, one of the company’s 20 products, took 240 labor hours and 7 setups and consumed 15 percent of the product-sustaining activities. required: (a) had the company used labor hours as a company wide allocation base, how much overhead would it have allocated to the cutting shears? (b) how much overhead is allocated to the cutting shears using activity-based costing? (c) compute the overhead cost per unit for cutting shears first using activity-based costing and then using direct labor hours for allocation if 780 units are produced. if direct product costs are $150 and the product is priced at 30 percent above cost for what price would the product sell under each allocation system? (d) assuming that activity-based costing provides a more accurate estimate of cost, indicate whether the cutting shears would be over- or underpriced if direct labor hours are used as an allocation base. explain how over-or undercosting can affect vaulker's profitability. (e) comment on the validity of using the allocated facility-level cost in the pricing decision. should other costs be considered in a cost- plus pricing decision? if so, which ones? what costs would you include if you were trying to decide whether to accept a special order?