Develop a conceptual model for the scenario below. Incidence of smoking in movies has started to increase again, after having declined for several decades.
According to the National Cancer Institute, smoking is seen in at least three out of four contemporary
box‐office hits. What’s more, identifiable cigarette brands appeared in about one‐third of all movies in

2008. Exposure to smoking in movies is an important predictor of adolescent smoking initiation: smok-
ing in movies has been shown to affect adolescents’ intentions to start smoking. In turn, the intentions

to start smoking are determined by a more positive attitude toward smoking after seeing a film charac-
ter smoke. Recent research has revealed that the relationship between seeing a film character smoke and

the attitude toward smoking is stronger when a person’s identification with a film character increases.
These findings are consistent with social learning theory, which predicts that attitudes and behaviors
are modeled by observing the behaviors of others.