Johannes is talking with his co-workers at a bar. They begin to gossip about Malte, another co-worker who everyone gets along with very well. Johannes distrusts Malte because he caught Malte falsifying work reports. Nevertheless, Johannes does not tell anyone about this because he thinks that one should never gossip about others under any circumstances. What ethical philosophy best explains Johannes decision to remain quiet?

Which of the following is the best example of substitution? a. movie producers begin making more comedies because they cost less to make than action films. b. people walk out before the end of a movie because the acting and the plot are terrible. c. people at the movie theater switch from popcorn to candy because popcorn has gotten too expensive. d. more people begin going to matinee movies instead of night movies to save money on the tickets.