Zeno Inc. sold two capital assets in 2019. The first sale resulted in a $53,000 capital loss, and the second sale resulted in a $25,600 capital gain. Zeno was incorporated in 2015, and its tax records provide the following information: 2015 2016 2017 2018
Ordinary income $443,000 $509,700 $810,300 $921,000
Net capital gain 22,000 0 4,120 13,600
Taxable income $465,000 $509,700 $814,420 $934,600

Required:
a. Compute Zeno’s tax refund from the carryback of its 2019 nondeductible capital loss. Assume Zeno's marginal tax rate was 34 percent in 2015 through 2017, and 21 percent in 2018.
b. Compute Zeno’s capital loss carryforward into 2020.

All else being equal, which is true about a firm with high operating leverage relative to a firm with low operating leverage? select one: a. a higher percentage of the high operating leverage firm's costs are fixed. b. the high operating leverage firm is exposed to less risk. c. the debt payments limit the high operating leverage firm's opportunities to turn a big profit. d. the high operating leverage firm has more debt.

Ajustification for job training programs is that they improve worker productivity. suppose that you are asked to evaluate whether more job training makes workers more productive. however, rather than having data on individual workers, you have access to data on manufacturing firms in ohio. in particu- lar, for each firm, you have information on hours of job training per worker (training) and number of nondefective items produced per worker hour (output). (i) carefully state the ceteris paribus thought experiment underlying this policy question. (ii) does it seem likely that a firm’s decision to train its workers will be independent of worker characteristics? what are some of those measurable and unmeasurable worker characteristics? (iii) name a factor other than worker characteristics that can affect worker productivity. (iv) if you find a positive correlation between output and training, would you have convincingly established that job training makes workers more productive? explain.

Hours to produce one unit worker hours to produce yarn country a 8 hours country b 4 hours worker hours to produce fabric counrty a 12 hours country b 13 hours additional worker hours to produce fabric instead of yarn country a ? country b? which of the follow is true of the trade relationship between country a and country b? country a has an absolute advantage in producing yarn and fabric country b has an absolute advantage in producing yarn and fabric country b has a comparative advantage to country a in producing fabric country a has a comparative advantage to country b in producing fabric