The difference between a budget and a standard is that standards are excluded from the cost accounting system, whereas budgets are generally incorporated into the cost accounting system. a budget expresses management's plans, while a standard reflects what actually happened. a budget expresses what costs were, while a standard expresses what costs should be. a budget expresses a total amount, while a standard expresses a unit amount.

Which of the following statements is correct? a. the managers of established, stable companies sometimes attempt to get their state legislatures to remove rules that make it more difficult for raiders to succeed with hostile takeovers. b. hostile takeovers are most likely to occur when a firm's stock is selling below its intrinsic value as a result of poor management. c. stockholders in general would be better off if managers never disclosed favorable events and therefore caused the price of the firm's stock to sell at a price below its intrinsic value. d. the efficiency of the u. s. economy would probably be increased if hostile takeovers were absolutely forbidden. e. in general, it is more in bondholders' interests than stockholders' interests for a firm to shift its investment focus away from safe, stable investments and into risky investments, especially those that primarily involve research and development. icon key question 6 of 10 b multiple choice 01-060