Universal Foods issued 10% bonds, dated January 1, with a face amount of $170 million on January 1, 2018. The bonds mature on December 31, 2027 (10 years). The market rate of interest for similar issues was 12%. Interest is paid semiannually on June 30 and December 31. Universal uses the straight-line method. Required:
A. Determine the price of the bonds at January 1, 2013. (Enter your answer in whole dollars.)
B. Prepare the journal entry to record their issuance by Universal Foods on January 1, 2013. (Enter your answers in whole dollars. If no entry is required for a transaction, select "No journal entry required" in the first account field.)
C. Prepare the journal entry to record interest on June 30, 2013. (Enter your answers in whole dollars. If no entry is required for a transaction, select "No journal entry required" in the first account field.)
D. Prepare the journal entry to record interest on December 31, 2020.(Enter your answers in whole dollars. If no entry is required for a transaction, select "No journal entry required" in the first account field.)

Maldonia has a comparative advantage in the production of , while lamponia has a comparative advantage in the production of . suppose that maldonia and lamponia specialize in the production of the goods in which each has a comparative advantage. after specialization, the two countries can produce a total of million pounds of lemons and million pounds of coffee.

9. tax types: taxes are classified based on whether they are applied directly to income, called direct taxes, or to some other measurable performance characteristic of the firm, called indirect taxes. identify each of the following as a “direct tax,” an “indirect tax,” or something else: a. corporate income tax paid by a japanese subsidiary on its operating income b. royalties paid to saudi arabia for oil extracted and shipped to world markets c. interest received by a u. s. parent on bank deposits held in london d. interest received by a u. s. parent on a loan to a subsidiary in mexico e. principal repayment received by u. s. parent from belgium on a loan to a wholly owned subsidiary in belgium f. excise tax paid on cigarettes manufactured and sold within the united states g. property taxes paid on the corporate headquarters building in seattle h. a direct contribution to the international committee of the red cross for refugee relief i. deferred income tax, shown as a deduction on the u. s. parent’s consolidated income tax j. withholding taxes withheld by germany on dividends paid to a united kingdom parent corporation

What are the period and vertical shift of the cosecant function below? period: ; vertical shift: 1 unit up period: ; vertical shift: 2 units up period: ; vertical shift: 1 unit up period: ; vertical shift: 2 units up?