If one concurs with the school of ethical universalism, then one believes that: A. The most fundamental concepts of what is right and what is wrong are universal and transcend most all cultures, societies, and religions; thus, it is entirely appropriate to expect all members of society (including all personnel of all companies worldwide) to conform to universal ethical standards.
concepts of right and wrong as they apply to business behavior are universally considered as being varying shades of gray, never absolute (i. e. black or white).
B. Because what is deemed right or wrong, fair or unfair, moral or immoral, ethical or unethical in business situations is universally regarded as somewhat flexible, then what constitutes ethical conduct should be judged in light of local customs and social mores and can legitimately vary from one culture or nation to another.
C. Since ethical standards are universally flexible, each company has a window within which it can define and implement its own ethical principles of right and wrong.
D. Since ethical standards are universally flexible, each country should have some degree of latitude in setting its own ethical standards for judging the ethical correctness of business actions/behaviors within its borders.