Potential GDP of an economy is $12 billion. Real (Actual) GDP is $20 Billion. Marginal propensity to consume is 0.75. What level of Government spending is required to achieve Full employment

Government spending required  = $2 billion

Explanation:

The required amount of GDP to achieve the full employment GDP =

Potential GDP - Actual

that is 20 - 12 = $8 billion.

But note that a government spending of less than $8 billion would be required to achieve an increase of 8 billion in real GDP. This is so because of   expenditure multiplier effect.

The expenditure multiplier is the amount by which the aggregate output would increase with an increase in any of the expenditure components.

It is calculated as follows;

Multiplier = 1/(1-MPC)

For this question ,

Expenditure multiplier = 1/(1-0.75) = 4

This implies that $1 change in any of the aggregate expenditure would lead a $4 worth of change in GDP.

Government spending required  is determined as

Desired change in real GDP/expenditure multiplier

= $8 billion/4 = $2 billion

Government spending required  = $2 billion

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