4. When a resource or capability is valuable, rare, hard to imitate, and non-substitutable firms may gain:

Acustomer has come to your department with an urgent question. you promised her that you would collect information about her question and answer it by noon. it will take you at least 20 minutes to gather the information needed to provide an answer. it is now 11: 50 a. m. your supervisor just scheduled a 30-minute meeting to start at noon. this meeting is for all employees in your department. you decide to:

Which of the following mechanisms would be most likely to motivate managers to act in the best interests of shareholders? a) decrease the use of restrictive covenants in bond agreements, b) take actions that reduce the possibility of a hostile takeover, c) elect a board of directors that allows managers greater freedom of action, d) increase the proportion of executive compensation that comes from stock options and reduce the proportion that is paid as cash salaries, e) eliminate a requirement that members of the board directors have a substantial investment in the firm's stocks

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