Which of the following generate the type of externality described? Check all that apply. Your roommate, Kate, has bought a puppy that barks all day while you are trying to study economics. A leading software company has decided to increase its research budget for inventing new open-source technologies. Clancy has planted several trees in his backyard that increase the beauty of the neighborhood, especially during the autumn foliage season. The local airport has doubled the number of runways, causing additional noise pollution for the surrounding residents.

Rate of return douglas keel, a financial analyst for orange industries, wishes to estimate the rate of return for two similar-risk investments, x and y. douglas's research indicates that the immediate past returns will serve as reasonable estimates of future returns. a year earlier, investment x had a market value of $27 comma 000; and investment y had a market value of $46 comma 000. during the year, investment x generated cash flow of $2 comma 025 and investment y generated cash flow of $ 6 comma 770. the current market values of investments x and y are $28 comma 582 and $46 comma 000, respectively. a. calculate the expected rate of return on investments x and y using the most recent year's data. b. assuming that the two investments are equally risky, which one should douglas recommend? why?